Characterization of Democratic Republicans essays

Portrayal of Democratic Republicans papers The Democratic Republicans were quite often portrayed as putting stock in following the exacting development of the constitution. They were against the free translation the Federalists utilized. The administrations of Jefferson and Madison demonstrated this portrayal to be to some degree exact. The facts confirm that both Jefferson and Madison bolstered the thoughts of the Democratic Rebublicans at the same time, they additionally did numerous things that negated them. In Thomas Jefferson's letter to Gideon Granger, Jefferson shows his thoughts on how the Constitution ought to be deciphered and how they contradict that of the Federalists. Jefferson reveals to Granger that he accepts they will have the option to acquire an assembly which will save states rights. He likewise expresses that he can't help contradicting the Federalists thoughts, that would sink the state governments, unite them into one, and monarchise that. He additionally appears in this letter he accepts the hypothesis of the Constitution is that the states ought to be in charge of everything interior, and the focal government ought to have control just of that which manages remote countries. In Jefferson's letter to Samuel Miller, he expresses that the leader of the United States had not been delgated any force in regards to strict activities. This is actually what a Democratic Republican would accept. They needed a littler, more vulnerable focal government which gave more capacity to the states. The more Jefferson stayed in office the more he conflicted with the standards of the Democratic Republicans, he started to understand the significance of a solid focal government. This can be found in his Louisiana Purchase and in the Embargo Act. The Constitution doesn't explicitly engage the central government to obtain a new area by arrangement. All things considered, Jefferson bought Lousiana from Napolean and it came into the United States ownership on December 20, 1803. After the buy Jefferson expressed that he extended the constituti... <!

Catholic Church so successfully in the years 1517-1525 Essay Example for Free

Catholic Church so effectively in the years 1517-1525 Essay For what reason was Luther ready to challenge the Catholic Church so effectively in the years 1517-1525? Different reasons added to Martin Luther’s achievement in testing the Catholic Church from the years 1517-25. The five key purposes for Luther’s achievement were his assurance by Frederick the Wise, the reality his thoughts were engaging and well known, his enthusiasm and assurance, the disappointments of the Church itself lastly, the planning of his test. A portion of these elements likewise influenced one another and these connections give the quality which permitted Luther’s revolt to be so effective. This is on the grounds that one of these components alone would not have been adequate in forestalling Luther picking up a similar destiny as the individuals who endeavored a reorganization before him. Then again, a few reasons can likewise be considered as having a bigger and more far reaching impact than others, which means they were increasingly noteworthy in adding to the ultimate result. Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony and organizer of the University of Wittenberg was the most impressive early safeguard of Luther. He assumed a huge job in helping Luther keep his message spreading and on a few events utilized his position to profit Luther’s revolt. For instance, The Papal Bull of Excommunication was never done in Saxony nor were the provisions of the Edict of The Worms. Likewise, Frederick convinced Charles V to do the Diet of Worms in German, rather than Rome, with the goal that Luther could safeguard himself securely. Another way Frederick guarded Luther was in 1521 when he had him ‘kidnapped’ on his way once more from Worms and taken to the Wartburg for his security. The centrality of Frederick the Wise’s security is that he at last kept Luther from being executed or aggrieved by the individuals who couldn't help contradicting his intentions. This thus permitted his message to continue spreading and to be created. In this way, Frederick the Wise fundamentally affected the Lutheran development on the grounds that despite the fact that he never changed over to the religion, he added to its turn of events and impact over Saxony. The principle reason Wise upheld Luther was on the grounds that Luther was an instructor at his University and Wise didn't need it to increase an awful notoriety. Notwithstanding, different reasons can likewise be viewed as, for example, the way that Luther’s thoughts demonstrated famous and in this manner Frederick was glad to help him. Basically, Luther’s achievement depended upon his thoughts being mainstream and the explanation behind this was because of the reality his thoughts spoke to individuals all things considered. He tended to his message contrastingly to both the sovereigns, in Address to the Christian Nobility, and the workers, by making lessons and woodcuts. This permitted his message to spread among everybody. His thoughts spoke to the various classes; workers deciphered his message of ‘priesthood of all believers’ as supporting social uniformity and utilized it as a reason for the Peasants War in 1525 along these lines showing they upheld Luther up until this point. The honorability additionally joined the change development as they trusted it would reinforce their political position and evacuate ecclesiastical impact in their domains. His fame is appeared by the reality his distributions were of the most well known at that point. The reality his thoughts were well known were crucial to his prosperity as his contention must be viewed as legitimate for him to pick up help. Besides, the reality he had support from an assortment of ordinary Germans was pivotal for keeping his message spreading. A noteworthy explanation behind his thoughts demonstrating mainstream is expected to the church’s disappointments which at the time was getting progressively less endured and gave an away from of the issues he was attempting to feature. The absence of resilience towards the congregation was because of the way that numerous Germans considered the To be as an outsider who did little to profit Catholics, notwithstanding the high ecclesiastical assessments they needed to pay to him. These expenses were utilized to pay for the revamping of St Peter’s Basilica in Rome accordingly not being worthwhile to the Germans who were settling the assessment. Anyway the narrow mindedness was towards the papacy as well as ward ministers who were not satisfying their peaceful obligations. Numerous additionally dedicated administrative maltreatment, for example, pluralism and simony. Subsequently, individuals for the most part had the developing inclination they were being misused for their cash and confidence. This inclination over anticlericalism was additionally evolved from Luther’s thoughts. It is additionally a purpose behind the reality Luther’s thoughts were well known, in light of the fact that they could be connected as well and concurred with. Disappointments of the Church were not a straightforwardly huge explanation behind Luther’s achievement, it permitted him to acquire support however simply because his thoughts were well known. Anticlericalism had been around for quite a while, and just improved the prominence of his message as it concurred with when prejudice towards chapel disappointments was expanding. Another purpose behind Luther’s thoughts demonstrating well known was because of his character and energy for rolling out an improvement. This enthusiasm is seen through his fixation on discovering salvation. Furthermore, he was daring in putting his point across paying little heed to outcomes, for example, in 1519 in his discussion with Johann Eck where he contended his thoughts certainly and 1521 at the Diet of Worms, where he asserted that by abjuring, he would advance oppression and his still, small voice would not permit him to do as such, in this way he would not be hushed. Luther’s assurance likewise identifies with why his thoughts demonstrated famous, he had the ability to cause individuals to accept and bolster him. This assurance implied he was the impetus for the reconstruction in Europe. He not just accepted there was defilement in the Catholic Church, yet stood up openly about his thoughts that salvation would be found through confidence alone. It additionally connections to Frederick’s decision to shield him since his energy earned him the job as a teacher at Wittenberg University which implied Frederick was all the more ready to help him. Luther’s character was significant for his prosperity, he was resolved to change the arrangement of the Church and this kept him from surrendering, and rather keeping his message stretching out over the Empire. The last factor that can be thought of and connected to the others is the planning of Luther’s development. It matched with the arrival of the Renaissance time which welcomed new pondering training and society that originated from old Greek and Roman lessons. These mainstream, humanist thoughts accepted that the Church ought not control city matter however just give direction in otherworldly issues, which Luther additionally underscored in his lessons. At the end of the day, he concurred with the Renaissance perspective, concentrating on the present, and seeing that change was urgently required in the Catholic Church. This was huge as it ran corresponding to his convictions and aided in the improvement of his own thoughts, just as making them increasingly relatable to regular Germans, along these lines having a comparable impact to that of prejudice towards anticlericalism. Furthermore, his thoughts were spread faster by the creation of the print machine. His Ninety Five Theses was printed, which means his statement was spread quickly. Past to the print machine, individuals with thoughts had no viable method to spread them. Along these lines, the print machine additionally connections to the reality his thoughts were viewed as mainstream since they could be seen by many. Despite what might be expected, the way that under 10% of the populace could peruse or compose was a constraining variable to the spread of his message. Subsequently, the reality his revolt started when society and innovation was additionally changing methods it was conveyed alongside the progression of new, progressive thoughts, which helped his message to be heard by more individuals. Taking everything into account, a considerable lot of these components interface together to create a similar result †that Luther’s revolt was an effective one. Be that as it may, the most significant factor was that his thoughts demonstrated well known. This was on the grounds that they, to a degree, were radical, new and popular. Martin Luther was one of the first to consider outside what the congregation instructed him. He started to scrutinize the church’s authority and what was happening inside the Church †what he discovered was defilement, insatiability and negligence. However, this by itself would not have made him so fruitful. His character assumed a job by making him resolved to make some noise about it and in this way acquire support, making his thoughts significantly progressively well known. Without these two elements cooperating, he could never have increased sufficient help to frame a completely fledged reconstruction. Notwithstanding, more significantly than his character was the assurance he procured from Frederick the Wise; this kept him from Harm’s way and permitted his message to continue spreading. Also, to this was the noteworthiness of the planning of his activities. It transformed what might have been a little resistance into a national rearrangement of the Church, because of the print machine and Renaissance time. At last, yet with less somewhat less significance, was the Church’s own disappointments. On one hand it was essential to his prosperity since it underlined the defilement he was portraying, making it progressively relatable. Then again, anticlericalism had been around for quite a while, it just accentuated his message however didn't add to its prosperity. In outline, every one of the five components assumed a significant job anyway the most significant were that his thoughts demonstrated well known , because of his character, and his security by Frederick the Wise. Different components assumed lesser jobs yet were as yet significant in helping his message spread to a more extensive crowd.

The Lady from Lucknow

Generalizations and prejudice are surrounding us, ordinarily influencing what we do and how we act. Regularly in any case, we don't understand the effect that they have on others and even ourselves. Bharati Mukherjee's short story, â€Å"The Lady From Lucknow† is about Nafeesa Hafeez, a young lady who moves from Lucknow, a city in India, to America with her significant other and family. In spite of the fact that they are wealthy, Nafeesa battles to make an amazing most and fit in with her general surroundings. Nafeesa then meets James Beamish, a more established, wedded man, and the two have an affair.I will contend that Nafessa's self destruction is brought about by the changing degrees of prejudice that she encounters through her various endeavors to acclimatize in this new nation and be perceived as an equivalent to other people. Nafeesa first experienced James Beamish and his significant other, Kate, at a gathering for remote understudies where both the Beamishs and the Ha feezs would play host to a global understudy. While the Beamishs were attempting to discover the understudy to whom they would have, Nafeesa chose to start up a discussion with them.Kate anyway botches Nafeesa as simply one more understudy and says to her, â€Å"I trust you'll be exceptionally cheerful here. Is this your first time abroad? † (Mukherjee 323). Each host wears a blue ID to separate them from the understudies, and Kate could unmistakably observe this, yet she despite everything expected that in light of the fact that Nafeesa was Indian that she was only an understudy. Kate kept on patronizing Nafeesa, and would not acknowledge her as an equivalent. After this underlying gathering, Nafeesa and James keep on meeting in mystery, participating in an affair.While at James' home one day, she was taking a gander at photos of his little girls and understood that she was progressively stressed and apprehensive over what they would consider her than, â€Å"any brutality i n my [Nafeesa] spouse's heart† (Mukherjee 326). The lady is so frantic to discover having a place that she is increasingly stressed over what complete outsiders will think about her, than how her significant other will feel when he finds what she is doing. At some point while Nafeesa and James are as one, Kate gets back home out of the blue and gets both of them together.Instead of getting frantic or shouting, Kate rather sits on the bed close to Nafessa. The look that Kate gives Nafeesa is the thing that harms her most, for it caused her to feel as was she, â€Å"a shadow without dept or shading, a shadow seductress who might drift back to a city of abounding millions when the undertaking with James had ended† (Mukherjee 327). Nafeesa feels completely undetectable to Kate. Notwithstanding having quite recently found the lady laying down with her significant other, Kate still looks down on Nafeesa as if she will never be her equal.Nafessa in the end can't manage the tor ment she feels from living in this undetectable express any more and hangs herself. Her steady endeavors to be seen as equivalent, and the prejudice she fights in the public arena while needing simply to fit in, push her over the cutoff and lead to her ending her own life. Works Cited Mukherjee, Bharati. â€Å"The Lady from Lucknow. † 1985. Components of Literature. Fourth Canadian Edition, Eds Robert Scholes et al. Wear Mills: OU Press, 2010. 321-327. Print.

Topics For Writing An Opinion Essay

Topics For Writing An Opinion EssayWhen you are looking for topics for writing an opinion essay, there are many different things that you will need to consider. It is not enough to just write your piece without any thought. You also have to know what the correct topics are for writing an opinion essay.As a student you must make sure that you understand what your subject matter is. Make sure that you understand where your opinions are coming from. What is it that you want to say? What do you believe?There are many topics for writing an opinion essay that will be best for your opinion. Perhaps you will want to write about something like politics or religion. There are lots of topics that you can use in your essay. Just make sure that you know the topic that you are going to use for your essay so that you can focus on it and make your essay as good as it can be.Now you will want to look at how you are going to make your essay and write the best that you can with what you have written. I f you have not decided on your topic yet then you will want to write about something that you feel strongly about. You can always write about something else in between, if you feel that you need to do so.Make sure that you look at how well your essay is going to turn out before you actually begin to write it. If you know what topics are for writing an opinion essay then you can be sure that you will not have to worry about how your essay is going to turn out. If you do not know what topics are for writing an opinion essay then you will have to go into some research on your own to figure that out.The only way that you can really know what topic to use isto take your opinion and go find the best one to use. The people who review opinions will have their own opinions on this and it is their job to determine what topic is best for writing an opinion essay. You will not be able to do that unless you know what topic is best for writing an opinion essay.Once you have the best topic for wri ting an opinion essay, you will want to make sure that you have all of the information in place that you need to make sure that you know the topic well. This will ensure that you do not get lost in the topic and you will not run out of ideas on the topic. Remember that you want to make sure that you use topics for writing an opinion essay and make sure that you are able to use it well.

African Americans Need To Understand “The Necessity, As

African Americans need to understand â€Å"the necessity, as well as the propriety, of behaving themselves inoffensively and with civility at all times and upon all occasions; taking care, as they pass along the streets, or assemble together, not to be obtrusive† in order to not â€Å"provoke† further violence. Those were the recommendations of the citizens’ committee that investigated the causes that had led to the Philadelphia race riot in 1834, during which a mob of Whites viciously attacked African Americans, violently assaulting many and destroying much of the city’s African American infrastructure, forcing many to leave the City of Brotherly Love. Many of those who dared to stay ended up homeless. Predictably, the committee that investigated†¦show more content†¦While Eagles acknowledges that the activist standpoint is not likely to disappear in the near future, his call for more objectivity in how historians of the civil rights movement co nduct their research has not received the attention it deserves. In the article, which was released five years before Jacqueline Dowd Hall’s call for a long civil rights movement concept captured the imagination of a great number of scholars, Eagles requests a reassessment and broadening of the scholarship that went well beyond the demand for a more detached analysis of the movement. BLACK POWER Beginning with the moment Stokely Carmichael issued his call for Black Power during the â€Å"March Against Fear† in June of 1966, people have agreed to disagree about the implications of the term and its relevance to the ongoing struggle for racial equality. Since that time, scholars, pundits, and the public have shared their various interpretations of the event/term and its long-term implications. While some of these statements were better informed than others, few people in 1966 would have suggested that the call for Black Power was not a clear departure from the previous phase of the struggle for civil rights, with which most Americans, thanks to the broad media attention it received, had been fairly familiar. Over the following years, the media’s focus shifted toward the photogenic yetShow MoreRelatedThe Contrasting Views of Pro-Slavery vs. Abolitionist Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesto modern era subjugations, there have forces who feel strongly of its necessity and purpose, while others have devoted themselves to seeing the ideas and acts of slavery abolished. 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Self-Perception Of Body Image Through Western Society...

Self-Perception of Body Image Through Western Society Standards: Methods Participants In this study, participants will be recruited from the University of Arkansas’ Registered Student Organization database programs, community organizations, and University of Arkansas e-mail database. An e-mail with the study’s supposed purpose, participant criteria, and contact information will be sent to 3,000 randomly selected university e-mail accounts to recruit potential participants. Additionally, an e-mail containing the same information will be sent to any Registered Student Origination that identifies as a Native American group or club to be shared with the originations members. Lastly, posters and flier containing the same information will be†¦show more content†¦The study includes two separate, independent variables. The first independent variable, is a subject variable that is conceptually defined as the race the participant identifies as. The race of the participant has two levels categorized as white or Native American and is a between-subjects var iable. The second independent variable is the media image exposure. This variable is manipulated and is a between-subjects variable as well. Media image exposure contains three levels: Condition 1-exposure to a photoshopped fashion image that depicts extreme body proportions and socially constructed beauty standards, Condition 2- exposure to a culturally diverse image of women in America of all body proportions and physical features, and Condition 3- an exposure to a blank image for a control group. Overall, the study’s dependent variable is measuring the perceived body image of women. To accurately measure body image perception, participants will be given a short pre-exposure questionnaire, that includes randomly selected questions from within the full post-exposure questionnaire that have been slightly altered, along with a full post-exposure questionnaire. 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Harlequin Enterprises the Mira Decisions free essay sample

The primary issue facing Harlequin is the steady loss of share in a growing womens fiction market, due to the growing popularity of single-title novels. With the volume sales dependence that is inherent in series publishing, the unit sales stalling that occurred in the late 80’s and early 90’s acted as a warning signal to Harlequin. A change in pricing strategies enabled revenues to continue to rise, but this was a short-term solution and Mira has the potential to become a long-term solution. However, there are a number of issues surrounding the launch of Mira. As the world’s largest publisher of romance fiction, Harlequin has a strong global foothold in series publishing with a presence in more than 100 international markets and 23 languages. Indeed, Harlequin has been able to create high barriers to entry in the series market through the development of brand loyalty and excellence in product quality and supply chain management. Brand loyalty comprises a strong readership base, which has been cultivated through brand recognition, trust, and long-term relationships. This is evidenced by the direct-to-reader Book Club, which currently provides 3/8 of US Sales at significantly higher margins than indirect sales. The low-price, consistent, high-quality product is well packaged and positioned ideally to take advantage of customer expectations, supported by a large and capable author/editor base. Standardization has enabled Harlequin to take advantage of significant economies of scale in printing, distribution and advertising; and simplifies retailers’ positioning and marketing strategies. While standing order distribution enables Harlequin to more accurately predict sales and returns, and therefore benefit from predictable cost-based accounting practices to achieve better margins. However, with limited diversification, Harlequin has little expertise in the broader realm of women’s fiction outside of the romance genre, which may limit their abilities to select and develop successful authors and titles, as was the case with the 1987 Worldwide Library failure. Although, the Worldwide experience gives Harlequin a true appreciation of their strengths and provides a strong foundation from which to avoid future mistakes. Harlequin’s inferior presence in traditional retail environments for single-title novels and limited advertising portfolio centred on print media somewhat restricts their sales to their existing, or stereotypical, customer base. Existing distribution partnerships are unlikely to resolve this issue and may force Harlequin to seek out new partnerships and/or mechanisms. According to the market research, â€Å"customers were reading as many single-title romance and womens fiction books as series romances. This implies that there is significant overlap with other subject areas and market segments within Harlequin’s existing readership base and it should be possible for Harlequin to cultivate their customer loyalty and translate it to direct-to-reader sales in other genres. Mira also provides the opportunity for authors to develop beyond the series format without moving to another publisher, and still remain available to the Harlequin series genre. This promotes employee lo yalty and job satisfaction, while allowing Harlequin to invest in promoting individual authors and benefit from the cross-segment marketing. The overheads that Mira would incur, although substantial, would remain competitive with other publishers and would benefit from Harlequin’s global infrastructure. Foreign language markets, in particular, would be accessible to Mira through the use of existing translation services, distribution networks and retail relationships. Mira would also provide Harlequin the opportunity to create economies of scale through the centralization of rights acquisition activities already being undertaken in some international subsidiaries. Conversely, Mira represents an extremely high risk undertaking for Harlequin with significantly higher costs for production, distribution and marketing. A single-title novel is a unique product, which requires a publisher to generate higher per-unit sales volumes; create individual design, marketing and promotion campaigns; and provide higher returns to authors and third parties. Production changes, at least in terms of product dimensions, could have significant unforeseen impacts on the economies of scale currently enjoyed within the production and distribution supply chains. If Mira is to compete with existing single-title publishers, long-term author contracts, royalties and advances could put extreme financial pressure on Harlequin and represent a significant level of investment, which may or may not be realizable in the long-term. Therefore, the failure of a single-title novel to achieve break-even sales targets has far-reaching consequences; and can seriously damage reputations upon which future sales would depend. Nevertheless, the most significant threat to the success of Mira is its potential in the US market. The truce with Simon Schuster achieved at the end of the Romance Wars may not be sustainable, if Harlequin launches Mira in direct competition with SS in single-title publishing. This situation would be especially difficult given that Harlequin is entirely dependent on SS for distribution of its series titles within the US market, and its lack of experience with mainstream retailing avenues. By pursuing Mira, Harlequin risks losing a highly efficient and profitable relationship with SS and having to completely redevelop its distribution chain within the US. Upon consideration, Harlequin has the resources and capabilities it needs in order to succeed with Mira. Although the company currently has a different business model, it has the same basic components and critical resources necessary to create and manufacture the product. The author/editor base that Harlequin has at its disposal represents a considerable asset, and somewhat mitigates the risk of talent selection and development that can be associated with single-title novels. Historic market positioning and the reputation of Harlequin as a romance eries publisher may overshadow attempts to create the Mira brand; but Harlequin has reached the point where it must expand beyond the romance genre. The direct-to-reader sales, marketing and distribution mechanisms would require few adjustments or adaptations, and would provide Harlequin with an ideal test market from which to make the leap into the mainstream. Existing production and distribution expertise would sustain development of Mira , while Harlequin spends time putting mainstream distribution mechanisms and publicity expertise into place. It is conceivable that successful single-title authors who published their early works with Harlequin could be convinced to return to Harlequin, depending on the financial incentives; but, this is a long-term question, governed by authors’ contractual obligations and the success of Mira in the short-term. However, the back-list of novels created by successful authors who published their early works with Harlequin comprises an easily marketable, cost-effective and potentially profitable resource, that would enable Mira to capitalize on established reputations and in-direct publicity. The downside is that Mira may risk alienating or offending fans of established authors, by publishing works that did not meet reader expectations because of their quality or adherence to Harlequin conventions. Therefore, I would recommend that Harlequin perform a limited launch of Mira by re-developing titles in their back-list and generating direct-to-reader sales through the Book Club, while it explores global distribution and marketing relationships. References: Richard Ivey School of Business Case Harlequin Enterprises: The MIRA Decision #9B03M007

Popular Music free essay sample

Popular music, or pop music, means Clumsy of the populace. The term embraces all kinds of folk music which, originally made by illiterate people, were not written down. The creation of a popular music that aims simply at entertaining large numbers of people is a product of industrialization, in which music became a commodity to be bought and sold. It Is In the rapid Industrialized nations, notably Britain and USA, that we first encounter composers who have devoted themselves to fulfilling a demand for popular, entertainment music. Foster Stephen Foster (Born Lawrenceville in 1826; died in New York in 1864)Foster was an American composer, mainly self-taught In music. He wrote over 200 songs, several of which have come to be regarded almost as American folk-songs. Though a Northerner, several of his songs capture the Southern plantation spirit in an authentic and eloquent manner. His songs are considered as Distaste, through nostalgia. All of Fosters songs yearn for the Good old days, but their yearning is not innocent, as real folk music Is. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Souse John Philip Souse (Born in Washington DC in 1854; died in Reading, Pennsylvania in 1932) Souse was an American composer and bandmaster.As a youth he played the violin n an orchestra. He conducted the US Marine Corps band in 1880-92. He formed his own military band In 1892, which became very popular and toured Europe four times between 1900 and 1905, and toured the world In 1910-11. Unfortunately it was plectra of the 1931 Depression. Souse was best known for his superb marches, of which he composed nearly 100. His music is also considered Distaste, by means of hedonism. Catchall Louis More Catchall (Born In New Orleans In 1829; died In Brazil In 1969) Catchall was an American pianist, conductor and composer.He went to Paris to study in 1842. His pianoforte debut was in 1844 was praised by Chopin. On return to the USA he toured widely, playing and conducting his own sentimental and naive music for unsophisticated audiences who enjoyed his virtuoso panache and his arrangements of national allures. He wrote two operas, two symphonies and many Blues and Ragtime Though Jazz is a twentieth century phenomenon, mainly associated with cities, its origins were in Africa. The black mans music, transmuted into the white mans world.In his new, white American world, the black man, enslaved, inevitably used the musical techniques he had been reared on. As an outcast, he no longer sings a tribal song but calls on ancient vocal formulas of the pentatonic scale and a tumbling descent from a high note, and on traditional techniques of vocal production modified because he sings in the American, rather than in African language. Inevitably it came into contact with the musical manifestations of the New World, especially the march and hymn. The hymn followed a pattern of tonic, dominant and subdivision harmony, while the march provided a four-square beat.When the American black, responding to these types of music, took over the white mans guitar, he blues was born, and with it the heart of Jazz. Blues There was no decisive break between the folk holler and the blues. Pete Williams, a black man in the Southern prison, uses the guitar to accompany himself in what he calls Prisoners talking blues and Levee camp blues, but these are still hollers in which speed is heightened, with the guitar providing a repeated figure. The words of vocal blues often concern the agony of desertion, betrayal and unrequited love and sexual references are frequent.Blues Form, as it evolved, tends to fall into a pattern, as shown: Bars 1 23456789 10 11 12 Chords vlvl- But the form is not static. It provided a harmonic framework against which the black singer could interpret his words or the instrumentalist could improvise. Thus black melody and white harmony interact. Ragtime Ragtime is an early type of Jazz particularly for solo piano and composition rather than improvised. The famous exponent and composer of it was Scott Joplin popular from 1895-1920 when other forms of Jazz took over.Scott Joplin Scott Joplin was born in 1897 died in 1917. He was known as the king of Ragtime. He took his musical convention from white military two-step. But Joplin music, both in the Maple Leaf Rag in 1899 that made him famous and in more harmonically sophisticated pieces like Euphonium Sounds in (1909), has an improvised feel mostly because the rhythms are Dragged in being syncopated. In the music of the notable rag composers, for example James Scott and Bobbie Blake and as well as Joplin, the music has pathos but not sentimentality.Blues and Jazz meet in the evolution of piano Jazz. When blacks came across broken down pianos they treated them as mechanized guitars. Barbershops pianists came to make basic, usually very fast use of the harmonies of the 12-bars blues and to seek monastic substitutes for the guitars expressiveness by way of crunched tones, slides and displaced accents. The pianist exploited the power of a percussive keyboard, creating momentum with a pounding left hand usually in patterns of repeated tones or unequal rhythms the came to be known as boogie basses.Gradually, barbershops pianist exploited complexities of texture as well as to exploit rhythmic force. Leroy Carr, as a singer and pianist, shows how white art may lead elegance to black passion, as the reimbursements of the barbershops piano came to term with the artificialness of rag. James P. Johnson trained in both barbershops IANA and ragtime traditions and distinguished for his command of an irresistibly striding bass and for the delicate precision of the right-hand figuration.Blues Singing Fusion of blues and rag exemplified in Johnnys playing is crucial to the evolution of jazz, especially during the sass. The most revered singers were women. The earliest of the great women blues singers, Gertrude Rained nickname Ma. Her vocal timbre often had a liturgical flavor. She found no barriers between country blues gospel and minstrel show music. Bessie Smith Bessie Smith (1894-1937), the most famous blues singer of the sass was known as he Empress of Blues. Like all the finest Jazz her music sprang from tension: between country and town, black and white, art and entertainment.Like other women blues singers, Smith usually performed in dialogue with a melody instrument, which both intensified and depredations the vocal line. She gave superb versions of folk blues like Escaroles Love and Reckless Love with Louis Armstrong playing a cornet obbligato and of her own Young women blues and Poor man blues with the cornet of Joe Smith her favorite collaborator. Jazz Since women blues singers worked with Jazz players and used conventions from both jazz and minstrel show, their work had many features in common with the music of the early Jazz band.This began in New Orleans where, as we have seen, a lively black population mingled with a cosmopolitan society of white Americans, Frenchman, Spaniards, Italians and German. From these cross -fertilization the New Orleans Jazz band became established with instruments from the white military band. The cornet (later trumpet), clarinet and trombone were the main melody instruments. A tuba (later string bass) provided the bottom line, reinforced by drums and other percussion instruments. The banjo substituted for the guitar as harmonic fill-in.Later when bands no longer marched the piano became the main harmony instrument, combined with plucked strings. The music of the New Orleans band compromises tension between the trumping military beat and the symmetries of white harmony on one hand and on the other the black solo lines which, with their African flexibility of pitch and rhythm, try to override the basic form. The supreme New Orleans soloists- Louis Armstrong, cornet and trumpet, Johnny Odds, clarinet and Sidney Becket (soprano saxophone) attain a levitating ecstasy with their soaring improvised melodies.They also affirm their humanity in imbuing their instruments with the expressiveness of the voice. Louis Armstrong The voice and instrument speak, the body move: so the heart of music is in the spoken and unspoken word and in physical movement. What is remarkable about New Orleans Jazz is that this word -body relationship flourished within the context of westernizes commercial music. We can hear this in the supreme achievements of band Jazz, the recordings made by Louis Armstrong with his Hot Five and Hot Seven in 1926-8, Tight Like This.Tragedy is overt in Armstrong famous unaccompanied solo opening to West End blues. The consummation of New Orleans Chicago Jazz involves a marriage between black folk melody and the harmony of white art music is revealed in Armstrongs recording of King Olivers Weather Bird which he presents simply as a duet with Earl Hines. Armstrong and Hines have proceeded from the folk heterodyne of early Jazz to a true improvised polyphony. These tracks were recorded in 1928, Just before Armstrong left Chicago for New York, later to embark on a career as a sh ow-business entertainer as well as a Jazzmen. Jelly Roll Morton, a light-skinned New Orleans black, produced, between 1926-1930, a series of according with his Red Hot Peppers. He composed most of the numbers in the convention of the Souse march and trio and even wrote down 12-bar blues with precise indication of harmony and figuration. The music involved Jazz improvisation, though Morton, as pianist-director of his steel basically New Orleans ensemble, controlled real acerbic blues like Smokehouse Blues or in a cross between the two like The Chant, they generate passion while managing to sound blithely carefree.Their improvised composition, as distinct from Louis Armstrongs improvisation, is an irresistible affirmation of the human spirit. Duke Longtime A further refinement of Morons approach occurs in the music of Duke Longtime, born in Washing DC. Morton was the first, Longtime was the second composer in Jazz history; he remains the finest. He scored for a bigger band, using choir of saxophones blending, or playing in contras t, with brass and reeds, supported by string bass and percussion Longtime directed from or beside the keyboard. Longtime composed almost all the bands material using a 32-bar format rather more than the 12 bar blues. The artful quality of Elongations music lies first in the tunes which are memorable and recognizable his such as Black Beauty (1928) and Solitude and Mood Indigo (1930). Longtime starts from the cliches of white march and hymn, he adds chromatic richness that can plum our emotions. The music remains folk improvisation in tune with the spirit of the blues and at heart profoundly African.In a piece remains sinister because of the padding cat beat and the cross-rhythms of the guitar. One example of this ambiguity is the Black and Tan Fantasy (1927). Longtime fuses the spirit of New Orleans Jazz with the precise realization of art. Compromise teen black Jazz and white art entails the acceptance of white show business, which, in an industrial society, is arts popular manifestation. There are two complimentary strands in this process. One develops black Jazz into a mechanized powerhouse; the other combines popular conventions with the escape art of musical comedy.The two streams converge, as did blues, minstrel show and rag in the earlier generation. American Musical The Jazz musicians we have discussed have all been black, indirectly of African descent. The musicians who worked in music theatre on Broadway during the same cascades were all white, mostly of Jewish European ancestry. Musical comedy had its roots in European operetta, Viennese, French and English. One of the earliest and most talented of Broadway composers, Jerome Kern, though born in New York in 1885, studied in Europe, intending to become a classical composer.He returned the USA and to Tin Pan Alley. He produced his first show in 1912. During the next 30 years composed musicals such as Sunny (1925), Showboat (1927) and The Cat and the Fiddle (1931), which gave classic formulation to musical comedy conventions. The format of musical comedy steers it towards escapism. Broadway musical comedy emulates the operettas of such composers as the Stresses, Lear, Offenbach and Sullivan, transplanting both themes and forms in to an American environment.The themes are again either hedonistic or nostalgic. The forms follow a predictable pattern, the tunes constructed within rigidly diatonic, symmetrical eight-plus-eight- measure periods, though the harmony and modulations, especially in the middle eight, may be more adventurous than those of the old minstrel music. ; Irving Berlin Irving Berlin, born in Russia as Israel Blaine in 1888, was taken to New York as a baby. He had no musical training except what he picked up as a singing waiter.When he discovered that he had gift for writing word and tunes he was content to pick out the melody with one finger on the piano, leaving harmonistic and notation to a professional. Berlins songs have only two basic themes: an adolescent pleasure in the present moment and an equally adolescent nostalgia, sometimes tinged with self-pity. The tunes, with their narrow range and stepwise movement, more or less sing themselves. Such songs do not deny that love may hurt: they seek pleasure from the hurt itself and create and illusion that we can live on t he surface of our motions. Cole Porter Cole Porter (1891-1964). The cynical title of Porters musical Anything Goes (1934) is typical; so too is the fact that it conveys the mood of the sass with carefree is no positive element except the rudimentary boy-girl relationship, as expressed in the song All Through the Night. Its tune is merely a descending chromatic scale that, prompting dreamy modulations, induces trance, making the love seem almost too innocent to be true. Porters chromatics cast an ironic reflection on the diatonic love-songs of Berlin.The satirical elements in Porters songs are not sharp; they tend o defuse passion and violence, and become part of the American Dream. Yet his irony sometimes carries an uneasy honesty that we do not find in later musicals such as Richard Rodgers Oklahoma (1943). Occasionally, for instance in Night and Day, Porter allowed wit to be disturbed not only by passion but also by something not far from fright. George Gershwin Only one composer of Broadway and Tin Pan Ally overrode the illusory nature of the conventions to produce works of genius; George Gershwin. Many songs he contributed to ephemeral musicals have survived in their own right.Evidence of Gershwins percipience lies in his discovery of his essential theme in a novel by Dubos Hayward dealing with life among the blacks in New Orleans. From it was made a libretto for Porgy and Bess which, starting out as an ambitious musical, ended up as a fully-fledged opera exploiting an interplay of speech, recitative, arioso and pop aria and exhibiting a musical-theatrical craft to rival Puccini, if not Verdi. Swing era Gershwins understanding of the black blues, though intuitive, was profound is indicated by the fact that his tunes have always been favored material for Jazz improvisation.Porgy and Bess itself have been given superb Jazz treatments by such distinguished musicians as Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis and Gill Evens, Ray Charles and Cleo Elaine. This provides a link to the evolution of Jazz, now both black and white, in the sasss and asss; the era of swing, during which the relationship of band to soloists changed. Even Elongations band grew to considerable dimensions and has affiliations with the big white bands that were more a part of show business than of Jazz.The earliest was the concert band of Paul Whitman, for which Gershwin composed Rhapsody in Blue, and to which some of the most talented of white Jazz wind players contributed. Dominating the era of world war II was the big band of Glenn Miller. More interesting both musically and sociologically is Benny Goodman, a white clarinetist who directed big and small bands and who looked, from the world of commerce, towards both Jazz and art. It is significant that Goodman, himself a fine musician, was the first white impresario to promote black Jazzmen on equal terms.Count Basis The supreme achievements of Jazz during the swing era remain black, notably the Kansas City bands of Count Basis. The Basis band is an authentic successor to the boreholes music of shanty-town piano thumper. The machine- made energy of the massed brass is now set against the wiry agility of Basiss piano playing. Basiss which is more blues-influenced than Elongations, rhythmic momentum liberates the soloist but at the same time threatens his individuality. Cabaret singers The big band era was also the age of the great Jazz cabaret singers.Basis worked with male blues shouters such as great Jimmy Rushing. He also worked with Billie Holiday, the finest female Jazz singer since Bessie Smith, who restricted herself costly to pop standards. Holiday died young, of heroin, but other great cabaret singers of the sasss and asss, notably Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan and Betty Carter, have carried on performing into the sasss. The individual voice and spoken or sung word may still triumph. Instrumentalists During the sasss and ass what came to be called Modern Jazz reverted to private values.A pianist-composer like Theologies Monk had some of the attributes of a high priest, literally turning his back on his audience as he created a nervously tight, harmonically and tonally contorted revamping of old boreholes styles. Miles Davis, in his Cool Jazz of the sass, tempered Jazz heat with the muted sonority of his trumpet. Often he was abetted by the swinging lilt of Bill Vanss piano-playing. Evans was a white man. So is the composer-arranger Gill Evans, with whom Davis collaborated in some of the most beautiful Jazz Tone poems since Longtime, notably the suite derived from Porgy and Bess (1958).Among the saxophonists of modern Jazz Charlie Parker stands supreme, the most inventive and influential Jazz soloist since Armstrong. Although he used blues and pop conventions, his rapid chord changes and flexible meter steered Jazz improvisation once more towards a linear approach. This is evident too in the playing of Stan Get and in that of John Coloration and Ornate Coleman. We can also hear the influence of Parker in the Jittery linearity of the playing of Bud Powell who, like Parker, was a drug-infected victim of Jazz neurosis.McCoy Tuner starting in the sass in duo with Coloration as a brilliant exponent of blues and standard forms. White Country Music In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the original white settlers on the American continent brought their folk music with them, and it too has been ransomed into an industry: the pop music known as country and western. The music originated, however in the Eastern States, where emigrants from Britain had sung their old songs, rendered scrawnier and more rasping by the tough conditions of pioneer life.Even in the mid-twentieth century this is still eviden t in the singing of men and women living in remote areas of the Carolinas, Kentucky and Virginia. The instrumentalists, however, who made music not so much to alleviate loneliness as to stimulate communal activity, transformed their old-world models more radically. Georgian, Arkansas and Virginian fiddlers such as Fiddling John Carson played the old Scots and Irish reels with wild abandon, making music of almost manic cheerfulness. Provided a recipe for pop or entertainment, as distinct from folk, music. The fiddling of the string bands of the sass abandons everything to hedonism.This euphoria is no less evident in the banjo and guitar pickers who often support the fiddlers themselves play European-based dance music, or accompaniments to songs, some derived from British sources, others newly invented. Both fiddle music and plucked tiring music tends to be fast, regular in meter and diatonic. Bluegrass Some fiddlers and string players formed string bands such as the Skillet Licker, the Gully Jumpers or the North Carolina Ramblers. The music they made in the sass and ass was still a melody of old British songs and dances drained of hurtful elements and seasoned with bits of American hymned, march and ballad.At first this concerted music was still folk music. It served the needs of the community. During the sass it became more streamlined, exploitable on radio and recording. It was named bluegrass in homage to its Eastern mountain origins. Bluegrass music was performed by a lead singer who also played the guitar, banjo or mandolin, vigorously supported by other players of guitar, banjo and harp, with an interlacing of fiddlers. Tunes were fast and plainly diatonic. There may be a hint of desperation in the way in which the most melancholy local events railway accidents, hanging etc- are recounted with headily impervious glee.One finds something similar in the more Jazz-influenced string bands that, in the sass, came to be known as Western swing. Carter Family The Carter family, a Virginian mountain family who collected and arranged old-time hymns and ballads, sang quavers bass in the vocal trio. All the Carters songs, whatever their origin or theme, come out at moderate-to-fast tempo, regular in meter and in unsullied diatonic. The Carters importance is attributable not to exceptional talents but to their incorruptible integrity. Through popularized, even commercialese, they were little changed between the sass and the sass.With the Carters and the frail, clown like figure of Jimmy Rodgers the Lonesome Cowboy, country music became an industry in which the opposite poles of pop music, hedonism and nostalgia, were identified. Country singers like Dolly Barton and Lacy J Dalton have entered big business in becoming pop stars, without destroying the folk- like creativity they started from. Rock The rock explosion that occurred in the wake of World War II and came to fruition in the sass was an attempt to re-create music, having become an industry, tried to absorb the life-giving primitivism of black Jazz.Black-white integration worked both ways. If white culture engulfed black, black culture was now eager to take advantage of white technology to boost its growing self-confidence. From this process emerged hat came, appropriately, to be called soul music: the traditional passion and pain of black gospel music and of the blues are given greater punch by electric rather than male and female soul singers- Otis Redding and James Brown, Nina Simons and Earth Franklin. Also, in the sass blacks established their own record-producing industry, based in Detroit, manufacturing their own black style, called Midtown.Th is fast, regular-metered, cheerily diatonic music, reflecting the blacks self- assurances, is best represented by Diana Ross and her Supremes. The sound of Midtown has en wildly imitated by pop groups on both sides of the Atlantic from the late sass. But the emergence of rock and roll in the mid-twentieth century was a white phenomenon, in that young whites listened to black rhythm and blues out of frustration with their own society. It is possible to see Elvis Presley as a successor to the country singer Hank Williams. Both were Southern white boys with an evangelical background.Hank William Williams composed most of his own material in an idiom related to that of the Carter family, though with a touch of the black blues that gave a darker shade to the hymn- eke and ballad style. Elvis Presley Occasionally the black elements in Williwaws songs reinforced by the electric beat, guide him towards early Presley- style rock and roll. Elvis Presley responded to a non- conformist small-town background far more rebelliously. Whereas Williams created his own songs, mostly about broken loves, Presley used other peoples modes and manners to evoke an image of narcissistic self-esteem.Dressed extravagantly he brought it off because he had abilities to bolster charisma. Parsleys confidence in his voice projected his image, Heartbreak Hotel, the number that bought him instant name in 1956, was in origin a Southern country song. Presley uses both black barbershops and white Pentecostal styles as part of his performing expertise. Strait romantic lyricism is held in tension. The performance stimulates because it is precarious. He was always a performer and never a composer. The two poles of his nature- white dream-maker and black rebel- were both attempted escapes from routine.Presley was a solo performer: he could brook no competition. But as rock music developed it increasingly took over from gospel music the concept of the group. The rock group reached its climax not in the USA but in traditionally noncreative Britain. Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones, whose heyday was in the sasss, represents the closest approach pop ha made to an orgiastic music comparable with that created in African societies. This is seen in the groups singer Nick Eagers Africanized yelling and bodily gyrations, as well as in the fact that he adopted much of his material from black blueness like Muddy Waters.The Rolling Stones instrumental resources also have rudimentary origins, electric guitars and keyboards being vastly amplified versions of blues guitar, country harmonica, bagpipes and author. Amplification intensifies primitivism, since electronics may create a nightmarish inflation of the pitch both because it is metrically cruder and because, in amplification it is so loud, passing the threshold of tolerance. Breaking the sound barrier may become not a permissive euphoria but a destructive force relatable to voodoo.In 1970 Eagers rendering of Under my thumb triggered a Hells Angels ritual murder at the site of the performance. Primitive pentatonic melody here relies mainly on the driving beat for its momentum; harmony, as in real tribal music, is minimal or non-existent. This may be observed too in Award American rock groups such as the Doors, the Grateful Dead and the drug-orientated Velvet Underground. Music-Theatre, rock musicals Just as the energy of the Rolling Stones seemed to have weathered the years, so something has survived from the happier and happier cults of the sass.There is a direct return, if in simple form, to the Greek concept of music-theatre ritual. This is also demonstrated in the Tribal musicals of which Gal. McDermott Hair (1969) was the first to achieve artistic and material success. Similar themes and structure appear in The Whos Tommy and in Andrew Lloyd Weepers Jesus Christ Superstar. The use of multiple media 0 word, sound, movement, lighting 0 and of improvisation and audience participation means involvement rather than passive reception. Most pop concerts have become theatre ritual in this sense.Audiences will no longer tolerate a pop concert without visual as well as audible appeal. The Yess performance of their Tales from Topographic Oceans (1973) has something in common with the later music rituals of Steakhouses, in intention as well as in technique and technology. Pop is ritual in an emergent stage, and its ambiguity may e a strength. The long-playing record, tape and audio-visual are more radical innovations than we once realized. They transplant ritual from temple or theatre to any place.Individuals may create one, as do The Who in Quadraphonic (1965) or Pink Floyd in Atom Heart Mother (1968) and The Wall (1979). Intellect and technology are combined with feeling and instinct. The Battles The most successful group in pop history, the Battles, was the best. Their quality depended on the fact that they made songs of pronounced individuality. The return to origins in the basic beat, the often modal tunes, the side-stepping harmonies, were even a location and a name. American blues and country music interlaced with British hymn and music hall in the memorable melodies. Popular music free essay sample Focusing on a music based scene, movement or Artist of your own choosing from the period 1955 to 2000. You will detail, explain and analyses the roots, character and legacy of your chosen subject and consider what impact, if any, your subject has had upon popular music culture and the contemporary music business. Your choice may be a genre based scene such as the development of House Music in the UK through the asses and ass, or a geographically connected movement such as the Singer- Songwriter movement in Los Angles during the early asses, or a significantly influential and important Artist such as David Bowie or Madonna.You will need to have your choice of subject approved by your Module Leader, so do not begin researching or writing your assignment before you have discussed your theme with them. In this essay I will attempt to focus on a specific music scene as well as a movement being my choice of the East Coast Hip-Hop scene and the culture it carries. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Aiming to focus on the time period of 1980-2000, where let felt It had Its biggest and most controversial moments. Digging into its roots and some of its legacy and the people thin the society that helped cause some drastic changes that occurred and still go on at present spiraling In todays society causing effects on the popular music culture and music Industry. Rap Is a gimmick, but Im for the hip-hop, the culture. - Method Man East Coast Hip-Hop was birthed from the genre Hip-Hop when it had its most peak moments In the years of the sasss going Into the premature years of the 1 asss. Marred to the Orlando form of Hip-Hop It became well known and recognized for the positive some-times being afro centric and realistic lyrics that often had some epithet of meaning into what was currently going on in the peoples lives. East Coast Hip-Hop combined various genres of music and sounds one of the largest examples being Jamaican danceable toasting where Dos played the rhythm and artist such as Sister Nancy, Yellow Man and Dennis Allocate blessed the music with their voice making unusual sounds by their mouth or slightly mining over the beat making the crowd feel welcomed and at one with the artist.The passion of using words to express feelings and thoughts similar to Soul music which was also popular at this time. With all of these factors East Coast Hip-Hop began to see the rise of a new community and culture allowing us to sit back and witness the growth and beginning 1 OFF DIM, Notorious Big, Jay Z and Nas who would all go on to cause their own footstep on the future and all the great things it bought then, and still today in culture and the music industry. Originating from the East Coast of America, being more specific in the South Bronx of New York Hip-Hop came alive and began to stomp down so many barriers. In the beginning Hip-Hop contained no toasting, rapping nor talking but talented Dos that created unfamiliar sound. However this would go on to change as people such as Gill Scott-Heron began to perform words of blissful spoken poetry. During the years of the sasss block parties were a main source of time killing, entertainment and gathering for the African American community and in some cases the youth of Ladinos.Dos such as DC Cool Here would arrive to individuals house bringing the party and crowd with them to play music that would satisfy at the time most popular being soul/Ran. They soon found a new trend that would go on to make history using Jamaican Dub where percussion was used to cause isolation thin the breaks of songs allowing B-Boys and Busgirls to breakneck to the funky and new vibrant sound. They went on experiencin g with techniques and ideas such as scratching and beat mixing were Macs such as Roseanne Shanty began to spit over. In the year of 1975 things slightly began to change in regards to the street life known gangs of New York began to bring the animosity into another forming a-boy and B-girl groups who began to dance to the break of Hip-Hop, which went on to create a new trend of break dancing. This became to play and contribute a huge mount to Hip-Hop along with other components Mining, graffiti and Digging. Together these elements would be the first building posts for East Coast Hip-Hop. You see in the beginning the basic thought of Hip-Hop was the music the Dos created along with the lyrics the Macs put on top of them.However with the new trends of breakfasting and spray painting people were almost forced to take notice that this wasnt Just a phase the people were going through but now a lifestyle choice and belief for the South side of the Bronx New York. In 1974 Sylvia Robinson and Joe Robinson founded Sugar Hill Records which before its time was never done and became the first major Hip-Hop reco rding company which then gave East Coast Hip-Hop the power to expand and see growth. Their first major success in 1979 when Rappers Delight produced and created by Sugar Hill gang having a score of 3 on UK charts and thirty six in the US. This song gave East Coast Hip-Hop the platform it needed to gain recognition from the world. This gave East Coast Hip-Hop the seed it needed to grow. In 1981 Tommy Boy Records/ Entertainment the independent label was created and merchandised by Tom Silverman and also sent a shock wave through the music scene with albums such as Naughty by Nature a group entitled album. Naughty by Nature was released in 1991 and was hailed to be one of the best 100 rap albums by One of the greatest albums ever made (NAME 2010).This displayed how critical it was to have record labels like these around and supporting the scene as it gave the artists and creators the chance to show some-thing they both loved and had a sincere passion for. In the year of 1983 the world was struck by the DNA of rap music (Run DIM), making a bang on the East Coast scene the world watched as Jason Micelle Cam-Master Jay), Darryl McDaniel (D. M. C) and Joseph Simmons (Run) originating, Queens New York bought out their first single Its like that. The single was aided with Sucker M. Cos reaching number 15 on the US R charts.With Run Dams hard-hitting beats, aggressive rhymes, fashion style and first solid four albums Run-D. M. C in 1984, King of Rock in 1985, Raising Hell in 1986 and Tougher Than Leather in 1988, they had now found the new ability to bring awareness to the what was thought of the underground music scene. As well as bringing new heights to East Coast Hip-Hop we saw them change Hip-Hop from being Just a musical front too LOL to care about appearance and presentation with its rough edges into a fashion statement being strategically clever about all of the fashion choices they made. Run DIM was more than determined on pushing and creating their own style. They simply dressed on stage as they would on the corner of their streets in Queens, by doing this kids and fans were able to identify. Their stick-up kid look was now shadowing the thoughts and motives of the streets. Dressed in hardcore leather jackets, Godfather hats, exaggerated Jewelry, dark colored Jeans and of course their infamous Aids sneakers. It first began when people start recognizing Run DIM wearing their trainers with no laces, a style deriving from Jail where officers removed the laces to prevent inmates from committing suicide.However all of these positive aspects didnt come without backlash . With the older generation seeing the effect Run DIM were having on the youth they began getting annoyed at them for using such stereotypical references and links. Run DIM soon received a back lash from musician and poet Dry. Gerald Ideas when he released Felon Sneakers a song which he used to beat them down about connecting such things of inmates to the youths as bad influence.This didnt stop Run DIM in their tracks however as they came back with the song My Aids which also became one of their hits, turning the meaning around and deceiving its stereotype to be a positive movement and contradiction to what the system wanted Me and my Aids do the lilies things, We like to stomp out pimps with diamond rings, We slay all suckers who perpetrate, and lay down law from state to state In affect this caused the sale of Aids sneakers to raise in the asss eventually allowing Run DIM to do some-thing that hadnt been done before, hey were signed by Aids to produce their own clothing line and sneakers with a ultimate bonus of 1 million dollars. This would start a trend with Hip-Hop as it carries on to happen now with artist such as accent being sign to cre ate sneakers and clothing for Rebook, and female rap artist such as Tenant Taylor and Missy Elliot to create their own styles for Aids. My Aids was the confirmation needed that East Coast Hip-Hop was now more than a simple form of music but a lifestyle eventually launching street wear to the place it is today. After all this positivist the darkness and underground grunge began to come out of the East Coasts draining systems.A new culture was growing influencing more of the East Coasts talented artists that were Grandmaster Flash released the song white lines telling the hidden story of the New York Streets using lyrics such as Ticket to ride white line highway, tell all your friends, they can go my way, pay your toll, sell your soul, pound for pound costs more than gold. The lyrics demonstrated a warning about the effects of using cocaine. With the obvious use of cocaine taking place it was only right the story of the dealers e exposed, this is when the perfect timing for the hustler to come up and tell his story of being apart of the East Coast scene. For the majority of underground rappers money making was at times A issue so they used the option of hustling alongside rapping and for a time thought to have gone hand in hand working together Just like beats and flows (Carter, S. 2010).In 1986 Beastie Boys created their most successful album entitled licensed to Ill which featured arguably their biggest hit fight for your right making history as the first ever Hip-Hop album to reach the target of being umber one in the US billboards charts. This was a controversial factor and cause some animosity and annoyance amongst the black community as they believed a right had been taken away from them. The Beastie Boys came from a middle/upper class backgroun d and had no relevance or experiences with the hustling scene and the music that it was producing. 1987 was A year for big things giving the most successful rappers a steady platform to show what they had been working for.With their political lyrics and statements Public Enemy became one of the most influential rap groups. Although their first album M)! Bum Rush the show wasnt a hit, their second album It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back released in 1988 would go on to prove critics wrong selling over a million copies including songs with empowering political speeches made by Malcolm X. With Flag Flag wearing his giant clock chains and the name of the group it was easy to draw the conclusion that they had come revert the idea of them being damaging to every-day people and society to become known for being powerful and influencing. However one of the most important and historic stamps were still left to come to put its mark on East Coast Hip-Hop.Jay Z made and entrance on to the scene in the unforgettable year of 1989 and would soon go on to be referred to as the best r apper in the world. Jay Z being friends with Jazz was able to gain contact with Brooklyn DC Fresh Gordon who abele him to a verse on a track with Big Daddy Kane on a mix-tape which began to circulate. Even with all this new unique talent Jay Z had he still fell into the rap what most other young black males were falling into hustling. However if it wasnt for this lifestyle Jay Z wouldnt of been inspired to write and deliver the lyrics he did empower him to share his experiences of life, his laity had a story to tell (Carter, S. 2010).He himself made sure that his songs were as truthful as they could be not Just glorifying the street life that was being lived but often trying to depict and explain how the once city paved with gold had turned into the streets that homed criminals, prostitutes, drug abusers but most important legends in the making. This is why the hustlers story through hip hop has connected with a global audience. The deeper we got into those sidewalk cracks and into the mid of the young hustler trying to find his fortune there, the closer we et to the ultimate human story, the story of struggle, which is what defines us many others like him life story unravel, i nforming us of the streets he met and they changes him and also the people around him. Music was not Jay Gs only talent Just like his peers such as Russell Simmons, Puff Daddy and Dry Deer we saw Jay Z bring his entrepreneur skills from the streets to his own office. Owning brands and businesses such as Orca-Wear , clubs 40/40 which are located in over 4 different states, Carols Daughter a brand of beauty products, sports club bar 40/40 in over 20 airports, he also bought a share of the Brooklyn Nets basketball team and closest to home in 2005 Jay Z bought a stake in the England football team Arsenal. With the rise of Jay Z still escalating we saw rappers with similar dialect and begin to come through the East Coast Hip-Hop scene. Artist such as Nas, Www-Tang Clan and one of my own personal favorites The Notorious B. I. G. In 1994 spectators were blown away with B. L. Gs easy flow accompanied by his slight lisp, with the album Ready To Die which hit the billboards at number 3. Once again we saw a rapper tell the public his life story allowing his peers to understand change and what can happen with a hard grind.In his famous song sky is he limit you hear him say A Niger never been as broke as me, I like that, demonstrating that there is some form of light at the end of the tunnel. With being on the rise and so much other success B. I. G still had other projects going on the most recognizable being Junior M. A. F. I. A which included some of his friends he grew up with in the streets such as Ill Cease, Chic Del Vice, M. C Slept and Ill Kim a female rapper artist he found on the street and helped to mould long with Puff Daddy. You see even with the world on his door step he refused to forget his promises to the streets and remain humble bringing his old crew into his new life and new found success. Nas was was greatly inspired by the late B. I. G and released his first album Lunatic in 1994 produced with East Coast producer Pete Rock and Large Professor. On this album Nas shared his child hood and not so long ago life experiences living in the inner city of New York. With his style of multi syllable rhyming the album was able to reach number 2 on the US charts. With the East Coast producing consistent and well produced acts the East Coast could not be ignored which also would bring rivals as mentioned before the East Coast and West Coast rappers soon began beef and go back and forth almost take it back to the streets. One of the most worldly known rhymes created by Tuba in Hit Me Up where he spoke about B. I.G and his then current wife and also fellow label soul artist Faith Evans l let these Niger know its on for life dont let the West side ride tonight This would be a groundbreaking moment not only for the East and West Coast, but or Hip-Hop on a whole. With B. I. G being killed in 1997 12 months after rival Tuba was murdered, there was almost a pause on the scene not producing any new artist that would create new moments such as Jay Z, Nas or Public Enemy already had. Regarding the culture and music industry of today, East Coast Hip-Hop still plays a large part. Since the year of 2009 there has been a decrease of rap sales, however we can still see how artists today are still inspired today with artist such as ASAP Rocky, who used the old school beats and gold fashion or Azalea Banks adding the sound of pop but being provocative with her lyrics as Ill Kim would often do.The crack epidemic still carries on today and it is arguable that it may have got worse but with it being so world wide it is more controlled. We still hear artist rapping about their describing the past that haunts him Vive been living this daily with no peace, no daydreams to save me, get high cause I want to survive, wish I could turn back the hands of time. As the artist today would of been at and impressionable age most likely their teens, an impressionable age they would of been inspired by artists such s Jay Z and Biggie Smalls inspiring them to use their life to express their feelings. However their are some differences mainly being fashion. Now rappers are more fearless with what they wear and how they wear it, however they still rock the gold jewelry.

How To Make The Best Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) - CoSchedule Blog

How To Make The Best Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) Blog As bloggers and content marketers, one of your biggest challenges is making sure that your blog posts not only read well, but also look awesome. You probably know why: Posts with better graphics are easier to read and get more shares. The problem is that you may not  have the budget, nor the skills necessary for creating blog post graphics from scratch.  You also like to do things yourself, or just don’t have the means to hire a freelance designer every time you need a new header image for a blog post. That puts you at a slight  disadvantage against your competitors who are already rocking great blog graphics. The good news is that you can learn to create your own blog post graphics fairly quickly. A handful of dollars in stock graphics, a few hours in Photoshop, and you will be on your way to making your blog look better in no time. How To Make The Best #Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) via @puranjaycomIn this post, I’ll share with you the exact strategies I use to create visuals for my posts, right from start to finish. But first, a quick overview of why your blog actually needs more visuals. Why Your Blog Posts Need More Visual Content Human beings are visual creatures. Our brains process images 60,000 times faster than text. This is a crucial stat for bloggers and content marketers- it means readers are more likely to engage with your visuals than with your words. (Which also explains why infographics tend to be so successful). There are dozens of reasons why you need to add more graphics to your blog posts, but the five  most important ones I can think of are: Higher engagement: Articles with relevant images get 94% more page views than those without. Highlight crucial data: In-post graphics are a good way to highlight the most important data points within an article. If there is something you really want your readers to see, you’re better off putting it into a mini infographic than the main post body (especially considering how most visitors read just 20% of a Web page on average). Get more shares: Pages with pictures see 50% more shares. Create better post structure: In-post graphics are a great way to give better structure to your post by dividing the content into different sections- an oft-ignored benefit. More credibility: 67% of consumers consider detailed images to carry even more weight than customer ratings, reviews, and product descriptions. Recommended Reading:  10 Stunning Examples Of Visual Content Marketing Now that we know why we need visuals, let’s look at how we can create our own blog  graphics. The Building Blocks Of Awesome Blog Graphics You don’t need to know a lot to create your own blog graphics. In fact, this article assumes that your design skills don’t extend beyond cropping an image and adding a filter to it in Photoshop (explained below). That said, you can greatly accelerate the graphic-creation process by mastering a few simple Photoshop skills and building up a library of stock graphics that will serve as the ‘building blocks’ for all your visuals. Let’s look at each of these in detail. Essential Photoshop skills to create blog graphics. You don’t have to master Photoshop to create good looking designs. Being familiar with the interface and understanding a few basic skills will be more than enough. At the very least, you should know the following: Cropping, resizing and selecting images, or parts of images. Layers and how they work. Blending modes and Layer blending options. Creating simple shapes such as circles, rounded rectangles, etc. Using the font tool. Importing and using patterns, brushes, and shapes. Using grids and guides to lay out individual elements. All this shouldn’t take you more than a couple of hours of work to learn. Everything else you can learn along the way. There are only 7 things you need to know with Photoshop to create awesome #blog graphics.Choose your colors. Color is the non-designer’s Achilles heel. We either use too many colors, or often, too few- neither of which leads to desirable results. â€Å"What colors should I use?† is the number one question I get asked by non-designers (and the question I often find asking myself). For answers, follow the two step process below: 1. Pick one dominant color. Take a look at any popular website and you will see one thing in common: They all use a single dominant color everywhere. Facebook has its blue, TechCrunch is green and Snapchat is overwhelmingly yellow. All reports, blog posts, and visuals they put out follow the same color palette. For your own blog  graphics, follow the same strategy: Pick one dominant color (ideally, the same as your site color) and use it everywhere. Complement it with lighter variations of the same color when needed. You can always branch out and experiment with more colors of course (it would be a dull world if you couldn’t), but for simplicity’s sake, stick to one dominant color when you’re starting out. Recommended Reading:  Why Visual Brand Consistency Is Important 2. For additional colors, use the Google material design color palette. One of the harder things to understand as an amateur designer is how different colors work with each other and the subtle differences between, say, #FA4B00 and #F04800 (two hexadecimal numbers for different colors). The good news: You don’t have to learn all this on your own. By taking advantage of pre-existing, professional color palettes, you can jump right in and use proven colors in your designs. To start with, use the Google material design color palette. These are Google-approved colors for the Android UI. They look good and cover a huge range of colors. If you get tired of your ‘one dominant color’, pick a few shades from this palette and start experimenting. Pro Tip: Download the palette as a swatch and open it in Photoshop to get immediate access to all colors. Recommended Reading:  Color Psychology In Marketing: The Complete Guide Pick your fonts. After color, typography is the most widely misunderstood aspect of design. You’ve probably seen this in action yourself: flyers with Papyrus, memos written entirely in Comic Sans, and websites that use nothing but Times New Roman. Designers can talk for hours about kerning and line height and letter spacing, but as bloggers, we don’t really need all that. Instead, all we need to know is: What fonts look good. How to pick a good font pair. Here are the answers to these questions: 1. What fonts look good? Some good fonts are expensive (a single license of a professional font can cost upwards of $200), so I’m going to focus entirely on free fonts for now. Fortunately for us, high-quality free fonts have never been easier to find. Your first stop should be Google Fonts. This free font library will give you access to all the fonts you need. It can be overwhelming at first, so I suggest sticking to these tried and tested fonts, for now: If you need something beyond this selection, stop by Typekit.com and check out the fonts that come pre-loaded with a free account (only 25k pageviews/month though- not for you popular bloggers). Next, check out Typography.com and the nearly weekly giveaways at CreativeMarket.com. If you are willing to splurge, you can also check out some boutique font foundries at FontShop.com. 2. How should you  pair fonts? There are two guidelines to pairing fonts: Fonts from the same family go well together.  For obvious reasons, if two fonts are from the same family (say, PT Sans and PT Sans-Serif), they will look good together. Combine serif with sans-serif fonts.  For optimum results, combine a serif font with a sans-serif font. If your posts are long and wordy, use serif in the body text, sans-serif in the headings. For shorter posts (under 2,000 words- a majority of posts), use sans-serif in the body, serif in headlines. (In case you are wondering, serif fonts are those with the little horizontal bar at the edges. Sans-serif, obviously, are those without.) Instead of experimenting with different pairings, pick a few tried and tested combinations to start with. For inspiration, install WhatFont extension and see what fonts your favorite websites are using. Wired.com, for instance, uses Exchange, while Buzzfeed uses Proxima Nova for both headings and body text. Choose your images. Most bloggers turn to SXC.hu, Pixabay, or any of the countless other stock pictures websites for their image needs. Images here are free and easy to find, but also tend to be low in quality and poor in contextual relevancy. Plus, since they’ve been used by bloggers ad infinitum, they tend to look jaded and overused. Recommended Reading: Should You Use Stock Or Free Images For Blog Posts? Below, I’ve shared some of my favorite methods to get better images: 1. Buy stock images. With prices as low as $1/image, you really don’t have an excuse for not taking this route already. The picture quality is far superior and they all look ‘fresh’ to readers since they haven’t been used by every blogger in existence. You also don’t need resolutions wider than 640px for most images, which brings down initial purchase cost as well. If you do plan to modify the image, make sure that the image license permits it. Check out ShutterStock.com, Fotolia.com, BigStock.com, etc. to get started. But what if you don’t have $1 to spare? In that case, use option #2, below. With prices as low as $1/image, you really don’t have an excuse to use great images. #blogging2. Use free hero images. Startups need high quality images to build their sites. Thankfully, a number of designers and photographers have stepped up to the challenge and started offering stunning pictures for free. These are called ‘hero’ images, and for bloggers, they are (largely) untapped goldmines. Here are some sites to get you started: Unsplash.com, DeathToTheStockPhoto.com, LittleVisuals.co, Superfamous.com, and PicJumbo.com. The image quality here is incredible, but you can’t search by keyword, so be prepared to dig deep to find the right image. Some pictures (especially from Unsplash.com) have also been overused by startups. If it looks a little too familiar, it’s probably a good idea to not use it. If a stock photo seems a little familiar, its best not to use it. #blogging3. Try paid hero images. An alternative to stock image marketplaces is to buy splash or hero images from marketplaces like CreativeMarket. You can either buy images individually, or you can buy image packs of hundreds of images for as low as $10. Its a useful strategy if you want something more exclusive than what Unsplash.com or the others have to offer. Choose your shapes, brushes, patterns, and icons. Strong colors, bold fonts, and breathtaking stock imagery are good enough to make your blog stand out.  But to create blog  graphics, you will need a few extra building blocks- namely brushes, patterns, icons, and shapes. You can find thousands of these design elements online on sources both free and paid. The hard part is figuring out what to download, and where to download it. For a start, grab the following: 1. Patterns. A clean, subtle pattern can make the most ordinary design pop and sparkle. There are countless websites peddling patterns online, but for the most projects, you don’t need to look beyond SubtlePatterns.com. Start with the following patterns – Concrete Seamless, Crossword, Stardust, Squared Metal, Notebook, Triangular, and Mooning- and grab more as you learn how to use them. 2. Icons. You will use icons a lot in your blog graphics, mostly to visualize data and highlight key points. I suggest starting out at IcoMoon.io, then exploring free icon packs such as  Line icons, Modern UI icons, 350 Pixel Perfect icons, flat icons, and  3600 flat icons. To get something more exclusive, buy a set of icon packs from  CreativeMarket. 3. Brushes, shapes, and vectors. There is no telling what shapes, vectors, and brushes you will need in your graphics projects. Since our aim is to keep costs low, I suggest grabbing the ones listed below, then buying up separate design elements as needed. Start with the graphics library at Pixeden.com. Grab virtually all the free stuff you can, then head over to MediaLoot.com, PremiumPixels.com, Brusheezy.com, and GraphicHive.net. For paid alternatives, check out CreativeMarket.com and GraphicRiver.com. I also suggest buying some credits at a stock marketplace such as VectorStock.com. A contextually relevant vector image can make your designs really stand out. Also look to grab some of the ‘infographics packs’ at CreativeMarket. You can use elements from these packs to create your own mini-infographics inside posts. This concludes the basic building blocks of our blog  graphics project. Now let’s take a look at some strategies for putting these together to create header images and in-post graphics. The Non-Designers Guide to Creating Better #Blog GraphicsHow to Create Better Blog Graphics Start with your header images. Header images are more than just design filler. They give readers a glimpse of your post’s content, and show up in social media. In essence, these are the ‘anchor’ images for your post and offer readers an idea of what to expect not just from a post, but the blog as a whole. It’s easy to get lazy with header images. You might very well be tempted to stick a stock image from SXC.hu on top and call it a day. The problem is that such stock images not only look bad, but they also don’t get as many page views. The alternative: customized header images. Let’s look at a couple of strategies for creating these. 1. Use good stock images, add text and a color tint. One of my favorite ways to create better header images in a jiffy is to use a high-quality stock image, add some text (usually the post title, shortened for clarity) and a color tint, like this: Creating this is easy enough: Grab a picture from Unsplash.com and add some text in a font from the list above. For the color tint, add a color layer in Photoshop, fill it with a color from the Google Material Design color palette, then drag it beneath the base image layer. Change the ‘blend’ mode for the base image to ‘Multiply’, and you’re all set. 2. Add borders, shapes, and different fonts. Add some complexity to your header image by throwing in some shapes, borders, and font combinations. Try the elegant font + light base color + dark border combination: Or the color gradient + pattern + gradient filled text. In the example below, I’ve used a blue-pink gradient on top of the Triangular pattern fill from SubtlePatterns.com: An easy way to make the post title stand out is to enclose it within a shape, like this: Another personal favorite is to use a vector graphic against a solid background. Below, I’ve used the ‘camera’ icon from the ET-Line icons set: None of these styles are complicated or particularly hard to copy. Try recreating them in Photoshop to get a hang of things. For further inspiration, see the header image gallery at Canva.com. Create your in-post graphics. In-post graphics are a wonderful way to give additional structure to your posts and highlight key information. They are also highly sharable. I try to add at least a couple of graphics to all my posts. With a set of existing templates, it often takes less than 10 minutes to create unique graphics for every piece of content.