Characterization of Democratic Republicans essays

Portrayal of Democratic Republicans papers The Democratic Republicans were quite often portrayed as putting stock in following the exacting development of the constitution. They were against the free translation the Federalists utilized. The administrations of Jefferson and Madison demonstrated this portrayal to be to some degree exact. The facts confirm that both Jefferson and Madison bolstered the thoughts of the Democratic Rebublicans at the same time, they additionally did numerous things that negated them. In Thomas Jefferson's letter to Gideon Granger, Jefferson shows his thoughts on how the Constitution ought to be deciphered and how they contradict that of the Federalists. Jefferson reveals to Granger that he accepts they will have the option to acquire an assembly which will save states rights. He likewise expresses that he can't help contradicting the Federalists thoughts, that would sink the state governments, unite them into one, and monarchise that. He additionally appears in this letter he accepts the hypothesis of the Constitution is that the states ought to be in charge of everything interior, and the focal government ought to have control just of that which manages remote countries. In Jefferson's letter to Samuel Miller, he expresses that the leader of the United States had not been delgated any force in regards to strict activities. This is actually what a Democratic Republican would accept. They needed a littler, more vulnerable focal government which gave more capacity to the states. The more Jefferson stayed in office the more he conflicted with the standards of the Democratic Republicans, he started to understand the significance of a solid focal government. This can be found in his Louisiana Purchase and in the Embargo Act. The Constitution doesn't explicitly engage the central government to obtain a new area by arrangement. All things considered, Jefferson bought Lousiana from Napolean and it came into the United States ownership on December 20, 1803. After the buy Jefferson expressed that he extended the constituti... <!

Catholic Church so successfully in the years 1517-1525 Essay Example for Free

Catholic Church so effectively in the years 1517-1525 Essay For what reason was Luther ready to challenge the Catholic Church so effectively in the years 1517-1525? Different reasons added to Martin Luther’s achievement in testing the Catholic Church from the years 1517-25. The five key purposes for Luther’s achievement were his assurance by Frederick the Wise, the reality his thoughts were engaging and well known, his enthusiasm and assurance, the disappointments of the Church itself lastly, the planning of his test. A portion of these elements likewise influenced one another and these connections give the quality which permitted Luther’s revolt to be so effective. This is on the grounds that one of these components alone would not have been adequate in forestalling Luther picking up a similar destiny as the individuals who endeavored a reorganization before him. Then again, a few reasons can likewise be considered as having a bigger and more far reaching impact than others, which means they were increasingly noteworthy in adding to the ultimate result. Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony and organizer of the University of Wittenberg was the most impressive early safeguard of Luther. He assumed a huge job in helping Luther keep his message spreading and on a few events utilized his position to profit Luther’s revolt. For instance, The Papal Bull of Excommunication was never done in Saxony nor were the provisions of the Edict of The Worms. Likewise, Frederick convinced Charles V to do the Diet of Worms in German, rather than Rome, with the goal that Luther could safeguard himself securely. Another way Frederick guarded Luther was in 1521 when he had him ‘kidnapped’ on his way once more from Worms and taken to the Wartburg for his security. The centrality of Frederick the Wise’s security is that he at last kept Luther from being executed or aggrieved by the individuals who couldn't help contradicting his intentions. This thus permitted his message to continue spreading and to be created. In this way, Frederick the Wise fundamentally affected the Lutheran development on the grounds that despite the fact that he never changed over to the religion, he added to its turn of events and impact over Saxony. The principle reason Wise upheld Luther was on the grounds that Luther was an instructor at his University and Wise didn't need it to increase an awful notoriety. Notwithstanding, different reasons can likewise be viewed as, for example, the way that Luther’s thoughts demonstrated famous and in this manner Frederick was glad to help him. Basically, Luther’s achievement depended upon his thoughts being mainstream and the explanation behind this was because of the reality his thoughts spoke to individuals all things considered. He tended to his message contrastingly to both the sovereigns, in Address to the Christian Nobility, and the workers, by making lessons and woodcuts. This permitted his message to spread among everybody. His thoughts spoke to the various classes; workers deciphered his message of ‘priesthood of all believers’ as supporting social uniformity and utilized it as a reason for the Peasants War in 1525 along these lines showing they upheld Luther up until this point. The honorability additionally joined the change development as they trusted it would reinforce their political position and evacuate ecclesiastical impact in their domains. His fame is appeared by the reality his distributions were of the most well known at that point. The reality his thoughts were well known were crucial to his prosperity as his contention must be viewed as legitimate for him to pick up help. Besides, the reality he had support from an assortment of ordinary Germans was pivotal for keeping his message spreading. A noteworthy explanation behind his thoughts demonstrating mainstream is expected to the church’s disappointments which at the time was getting progressively less endured and gave an away from of the issues he was attempting to feature. The absence of resilience towards the congregation was because of the way that numerous Germans considered the To be as an outsider who did little to profit Catholics, notwithstanding the high ecclesiastical assessments they needed to pay to him. These expenses were utilized to pay for the revamping of St Peter’s Basilica in Rome accordingly not being worthwhile to the Germans who were settling the assessment. Anyway the narrow mindedness was towards the papacy as well as ward ministers who were not satisfying their peaceful obligations. Numerous additionally dedicated administrative maltreatment, for example, pluralism and simony. Subsequently, individuals for the most part had the developing inclination they were being misused for their cash and confidence. This inclination over anticlericalism was additionally evolved from Luther’s thoughts. It is additionally a purpose behind the reality Luther’s thoughts were well known, in light of the fact that they could be connected as well and concurred with. Disappointments of the Church were not a straightforwardly huge explanation behind Luther’s achievement, it permitted him to acquire support however simply because his thoughts were well known. Anticlericalism had been around for quite a while, and just improved the prominence of his message as it concurred with when prejudice towards chapel disappointments was expanding. Another purpose behind Luther’s thoughts demonstrating well known was because of his character and energy for rolling out an improvement. This enthusiasm is seen through his fixation on discovering salvation. Furthermore, he was daring in putting his point across paying little heed to outcomes, for example, in 1519 in his discussion with Johann Eck where he contended his thoughts certainly and 1521 at the Diet of Worms, where he asserted that by abjuring, he would advance oppression and his still, small voice would not permit him to do as such, in this way he would not be hushed. Luther’s assurance likewise identifies with why his thoughts demonstrated famous, he had the ability to cause individuals to accept and bolster him. This assurance implied he was the impetus for the reconstruction in Europe. He not just accepted there was defilement in the Catholic Church, yet stood up openly about his thoughts that salvation would be found through confidence alone. It additionally connections to Frederick’s decision to shield him since his energy earned him the job as a teacher at Wittenberg University which implied Frederick was all the more ready to help him. Luther’s character was significant for his prosperity, he was resolved to change the arrangement of the Church and this kept him from surrendering, and rather keeping his message stretching out over the Empire. The last factor that can be thought of and connected to the others is the planning of Luther’s development. It matched with the arrival of the Renaissance time which welcomed new pondering training and society that originated from old Greek and Roman lessons. These mainstream, humanist thoughts accepted that the Church ought not control city matter however just give direction in otherworldly issues, which Luther additionally underscored in his lessons. At the end of the day, he concurred with the Renaissance perspective, concentrating on the present, and seeing that change was urgently required in the Catholic Church. This was huge as it ran corresponding to his convictions and aided in the improvement of his own thoughts, just as making them increasingly relatable to regular Germans, along these lines having a comparable impact to that of prejudice towards anticlericalism. Furthermore, his thoughts were spread faster by the creation of the print machine. His Ninety Five Theses was printed, which means his statement was spread quickly. Past to the print machine, individuals with thoughts had no viable method to spread them. Along these lines, the print machine additionally connections to the reality his thoughts were viewed as mainstream since they could be seen by many. Despite what might be expected, the way that under 10% of the populace could peruse or compose was a constraining variable to the spread of his message. Subsequently, the reality his revolt started when society and innovation was additionally changing methods it was conveyed alongside the progression of new, progressive thoughts, which helped his message to be heard by more individuals. Taking everything into account, a considerable lot of these components interface together to create a similar result †that Luther’s revolt was an effective one. Be that as it may, the most significant factor was that his thoughts demonstrated well known. This was on the grounds that they, to a degree, were radical, new and popular. Martin Luther was one of the first to consider outside what the congregation instructed him. He started to scrutinize the church’s authority and what was happening inside the Church †what he discovered was defilement, insatiability and negligence. However, this by itself would not have made him so fruitful. His character assumed a job by making him resolved to make some noise about it and in this way acquire support, making his thoughts significantly progressively well known. Without these two elements cooperating, he could never have increased sufficient help to frame a completely fledged reconstruction. Notwithstanding, more significantly than his character was the assurance he procured from Frederick the Wise; this kept him from Harm’s way and permitted his message to continue spreading. Also, to this was the noteworthiness of the planning of his activities. It transformed what might have been a little resistance into a national rearrangement of the Church, because of the print machine and Renaissance time. At last, yet with less somewhat less significance, was the Church’s own disappointments. On one hand it was essential to his prosperity since it underlined the defilement he was portraying, making it progressively relatable. Then again, anticlericalism had been around for quite a while, it just accentuated his message however didn't add to its prosperity. In outline, every one of the five components assumed a significant job anyway the most significant were that his thoughts demonstrated well known , because of his character, and his security by Frederick the Wise. Different components assumed lesser jobs yet were as yet significant in helping his message spread to a more extensive crowd.

The Lady from Lucknow

Generalizations and prejudice are surrounding us, ordinarily influencing what we do and how we act. Regularly in any case, we don't understand the effect that they have on others and even ourselves. Bharati Mukherjee's short story, â€Å"The Lady From Lucknow† is about Nafeesa Hafeez, a young lady who moves from Lucknow, a city in India, to America with her significant other and family. In spite of the fact that they are wealthy, Nafeesa battles to make an amazing most and fit in with her general surroundings. Nafeesa then meets James Beamish, a more established, wedded man, and the two have an affair.I will contend that Nafessa's self destruction is brought about by the changing degrees of prejudice that she encounters through her various endeavors to acclimatize in this new nation and be perceived as an equivalent to other people. Nafeesa first experienced James Beamish and his significant other, Kate, at a gathering for remote understudies where both the Beamishs and the Ha feezs would play host to a global understudy. While the Beamishs were attempting to discover the understudy to whom they would have, Nafeesa chose to start up a discussion with them.Kate anyway botches Nafeesa as simply one more understudy and says to her, â€Å"I trust you'll be exceptionally cheerful here. Is this your first time abroad? † (Mukherjee 323). Each host wears a blue ID to separate them from the understudies, and Kate could unmistakably observe this, yet she despite everything expected that in light of the fact that Nafeesa was Indian that she was only an understudy. Kate kept on patronizing Nafeesa, and would not acknowledge her as an equivalent. After this underlying gathering, Nafeesa and James keep on meeting in mystery, participating in an affair.While at James' home one day, she was taking a gander at photos of his little girls and understood that she was progressively stressed and apprehensive over what they would consider her than, â€Å"any brutality i n my [Nafeesa] spouse's heart† (Mukherjee 326). The lady is so frantic to discover having a place that she is increasingly stressed over what complete outsiders will think about her, than how her significant other will feel when he finds what she is doing. At some point while Nafeesa and James are as one, Kate gets back home out of the blue and gets both of them together.Instead of getting frantic or shouting, Kate rather sits on the bed close to Nafessa. The look that Kate gives Nafeesa is the thing that harms her most, for it caused her to feel as was she, â€Å"a shadow without dept or shading, a shadow seductress who might drift back to a city of abounding millions when the undertaking with James had ended† (Mukherjee 327). Nafeesa feels completely undetectable to Kate. Notwithstanding having quite recently found the lady laying down with her significant other, Kate still looks down on Nafeesa as if she will never be her equal.Nafessa in the end can't manage the tor ment she feels from living in this undetectable express any more and hangs herself. Her steady endeavors to be seen as equivalent, and the prejudice she fights in the public arena while needing simply to fit in, push her over the cutoff and lead to her ending her own life. Works Cited Mukherjee, Bharati. â€Å"The Lady from Lucknow. † 1985. Components of Literature. Fourth Canadian Edition, Eds Robert Scholes et al. Wear Mills: OU Press, 2010. 321-327. Print.

Topics For Writing An Opinion Essay

Topics For Writing An Opinion EssayWhen you are looking for topics for writing an opinion essay, there are many different things that you will need to consider. It is not enough to just write your piece without any thought. You also have to know what the correct topics are for writing an opinion essay.As a student you must make sure that you understand what your subject matter is. Make sure that you understand where your opinions are coming from. What is it that you want to say? What do you believe?There are many topics for writing an opinion essay that will be best for your opinion. Perhaps you will want to write about something like politics or religion. There are lots of topics that you can use in your essay. Just make sure that you know the topic that you are going to use for your essay so that you can focus on it and make your essay as good as it can be.Now you will want to look at how you are going to make your essay and write the best that you can with what you have written. I f you have not decided on your topic yet then you will want to write about something that you feel strongly about. You can always write about something else in between, if you feel that you need to do so.Make sure that you look at how well your essay is going to turn out before you actually begin to write it. If you know what topics are for writing an opinion essay then you can be sure that you will not have to worry about how your essay is going to turn out. If you do not know what topics are for writing an opinion essay then you will have to go into some research on your own to figure that out.The only way that you can really know what topic to use isto take your opinion and go find the best one to use. The people who review opinions will have their own opinions on this and it is their job to determine what topic is best for writing an opinion essay. You will not be able to do that unless you know what topic is best for writing an opinion essay.Once you have the best topic for wri ting an opinion essay, you will want to make sure that you have all of the information in place that you need to make sure that you know the topic well. This will ensure that you do not get lost in the topic and you will not run out of ideas on the topic. Remember that you want to make sure that you use topics for writing an opinion essay and make sure that you are able to use it well.

African Americans Need To Understand “The Necessity, As

African Americans need to understand â€Å"the necessity, as well as the propriety, of behaving themselves inoffensively and with civility at all times and upon all occasions; taking care, as they pass along the streets, or assemble together, not to be obtrusive† in order to not â€Å"provoke† further violence. Those were the recommendations of the citizens’ committee that investigated the causes that had led to the Philadelphia race riot in 1834, during which a mob of Whites viciously attacked African Americans, violently assaulting many and destroying much of the city’s African American infrastructure, forcing many to leave the City of Brotherly Love. Many of those who dared to stay ended up homeless. Predictably, the committee that investigated†¦show more content†¦While Eagles acknowledges that the activist standpoint is not likely to disappear in the near future, his call for more objectivity in how historians of the civil rights movement co nduct their research has not received the attention it deserves. In the article, which was released five years before Jacqueline Dowd Hall’s call for a long civil rights movement concept captured the imagination of a great number of scholars, Eagles requests a reassessment and broadening of the scholarship that went well beyond the demand for a more detached analysis of the movement. BLACK POWER Beginning with the moment Stokely Carmichael issued his call for Black Power during the â€Å"March Against Fear† in June of 1966, people have agreed to disagree about the implications of the term and its relevance to the ongoing struggle for racial equality. Since that time, scholars, pundits, and the public have shared their various interpretations of the event/term and its long-term implications. While some of these statements were better informed than others, few people in 1966 would have suggested that the call for Black Power was not a clear departure from the previous phase of the struggle for civil rights, with which most Americans, thanks to the broad media attention it received, had been fairly familiar. Over the following years, the media’s focus shifted toward the photogenic yetShow MoreRelatedThe Contrasting Views of Pro-Slavery vs. Abolitionist Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesto modern era subjugations, there have forces who feel strongly of its necessity and purpose, while others have devoted themselves to seeing the ideas and acts of slavery abolished. America is not an exception to the concept of slavery and during the nation’s early history, parties from both sides have been made famous for their beliefs in the continuation or the denouncement of slavery in the United States. To understand the contrasting views of pro-slavery advocates versus abolitionists in antebellumRead MorePersonal Identity Essay720 Words   |  3 Pagescontribute to a small degree of who you are. Stereotypically I am labeled as an African American female, but I am more than that. I wanted to be creative and really think of the traits that really explain who I am and that was reinforced with race too, I am much more than just African American. I feel that labeling people by race or gender is insufficient in determining who you are because if you say â€Å" I am an African American female† that is what you are but it doesnt exp lain much who you are. EveryoneRead More Malcolm X Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesdefend themselves. The major figures in the Civil Rights Movement had their own opinions on how to equalize society. Martin Luther King, Jr. felt that a peaceful movement was the best route to freedom. I discovered after much research that famous African American figures tended to side with Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad on the best approach. Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou and James Baldwin fall under this category. They did not by any means agree completely, but had many views in common with the Islam thinkersRead MoreLosing The Color Blind Mind Essay883 Words   |  4 Pageshighlights people who don’t view themselves as racist can have trouble understanding how racism works and how it manifests through policies in structures that prevent minorities from succeeding in classroom plus through life. Milner’s insist teachers need to stop using the color blind mindset by recognizing the color diff erences of themselves and their students. He supports that it’s impossible to build connections between students if we don’t acknowledge race. He continues in suggesting curriculumRead MoreMerdian By Alice Walker Analysis1667 Words   |  7 Pagesdawn anymore! We want our freedom NOW!† (Jones 179). Leaving aside the lamentation and celebration of the deceased’s lives, Dennis â€Å"suggest[ed] a need to move beyond mourning to a more militant and radical effect, anger or rage, one that could translate into social change and transformation† (Jones 179). It was a call for immediate change, African-Americans could not continue living in that situation and pretend that nothing was happening. This was a call for not only to mourn, but also to convert theirRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 Pageswhether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans were able to keep their dignity, have identityRead MoreRev. Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail950 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning). This quote from â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham† illustrates the horror and cruelty of how African Americans were treated at that time, as no place was safe or free from racism; there was no limits to the violence that came with it. The 1950’s and 1960’s was an era where the Civil Rights Movement began. The primary goal of this movement was to end discrimination, segregation, and racism. In 1963, African Americans led by Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. marched into Birmingham to protest laws supporting segregationRead MoreThe Need For Change For The Betterment Of Our World1017 Words   |  5 Pageschange something for the betterment of our world, is a necessity mankind needs to grasp in order to work to perfect the world we live in. We see people working to stop global warming, pollution, racism, poverty, and countless other things. We changing something that our world is so used to, will never be an easy task. We, as human beings, need to learn what it takes to substantially change and shape the world for it’s benefit. In order to understand what is required for change to be successful and progressRead MoreWhat Organizations, Ideologies, and Leaders Did Africans Create and Engage in the 20th Century to Promote and Advance Their Liberation?1220 Words   |  5 PagesWhat organizations, ideologies, and leaders did Africans create and engage in the 20th century to promote and advance their liberation? [Abstract] The 20th century composed of many organizations ideologies and leaders helping to promote and advance liberation both in America and worldwide. These different entities worked to defy the social structure filled with aspects of conservatism and oppression and rather upheld the Africana sense of governance and encouraged socialism in terms of a moreRead MoreAfrican Americans: Autoethnography. This Past Saturday1712 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Americans: Autoethnography This past Saturday I attended my neighbors daughters baby shower, whom I have known for about a year. My neighbor is an African American woman, and so is her daughter, along with their family and friends. I didn’t think anything different about myself attending a baby shower and being surrounded by all African American females, until I got this assignment, then it really made me open my eyes when engaging. I was the only white female at this event, and the only

Self-Perception Of Body Image Through Western Society...

Self-Perception of Body Image Through Western Society Standards: Methods Participants In this study, participants will be recruited from the University of Arkansas’ Registered Student Organization database programs, community organizations, and University of Arkansas e-mail database. An e-mail with the study’s supposed purpose, participant criteria, and contact information will be sent to 3,000 randomly selected university e-mail accounts to recruit potential participants. Additionally, an e-mail containing the same information will be sent to any Registered Student Origination that identifies as a Native American group or club to be shared with the originations members. Lastly, posters and flier containing the same information will be†¦show more content†¦The study includes two separate, independent variables. The first independent variable, is a subject variable that is conceptually defined as the race the participant identifies as. The race of the participant has two levels categorized as white or Native American and is a between-subjects var iable. The second independent variable is the media image exposure. This variable is manipulated and is a between-subjects variable as well. Media image exposure contains three levels: Condition 1-exposure to a photoshopped fashion image that depicts extreme body proportions and socially constructed beauty standards, Condition 2- exposure to a culturally diverse image of women in America of all body proportions and physical features, and Condition 3- an exposure to a blank image for a control group. Overall, the study’s dependent variable is measuring the perceived body image of women. To accurately measure body image perception, participants will be given a short pre-exposure questionnaire, that includes randomly selected questions from within the full post-exposure questionnaire that have been slightly altered, along with a full post-exposure questionnaire. The pre-exposure and post-exposure questionnaires with measure self-esteem, body type, age, weight, direct body perception, guilt, self- worth and conscious awareness. To properly measure perceive body image, the post-exposure questionnaire will contain sections from the following testingShow MoreRelated Eating Disorders, Body Image and Cultural Contexts Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders, Body Image and Cultural Contexts Although a great deal of early research on body image and eating disorders focused on upper/middle class Caucasians living in America or under the influence of Western ideals, many researchers are realizing that eating disorders are not isolated to this particular group. They are also realizing the differences in body image between occur in different races and genders (Pate, Pumariega, Hester 1992). Recently, several studies have shown that eatingRead MoreBinge Eating in Non-Western Cultures1038 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding eating disorders in non-Western cultures in general is scarce. Very few studies address disordered eating in cultures outside of the Western and Westernized world. This could be because of the perceived lack of eating disorders in non-industrialized countries or even because there is an overwhelming amount of concern over eating disorders in Western society. However, there have been several studies done on binge eating and dietary restraint in non-western cit izens and in non-Caucasian womenRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of the Effects of Eating Disorders and the Media824 Words   |  4 PagesBody perception plays a major role in the self-concept that we create. Based on this view establishes our self-esteem, and many western civilizations are subjugated to an unrealistic image that their society conveys. Many young Americans cope with this â€Å"perfect† image by developing eating disorders. Although eating disorders can affect everyone the most common stereotype is young American women. Evidence shows that eleven million women and one million men have developed an eating disorder (StephensRead MoreWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically, through an array of cultures worldwide, individuals have transformed their appearances in order to conform to the beauty ideal of relevant culture. Those that are apart of the Pa Dong Tribe, which reside among the boarder of Thailand, practice the elongating of the neck through the use of brass rings. African and Amazonian tribes consider beauty through the stretching of their lips that is achieved using large lip plates. Tribes in Africa strive to achieve a larger body weight by eatingRead MoreEating Disorders1328 Words   |  6 Pagesas a Western phenomenon due to the fact that non western countries did not have such a wide variety of food available to them. This perspective is now changing. Individuals in other countries (non-western) have been diagnosed with eating disorders as well, however it is not as frequent as the United States or Canada for example(Barlow et al., 2012). 　　The purpose of the paper is to describe the ways in which eating disorders began in the western world, but were slowly adapted to non western countriesRead MoreMedia s Influence On Female Body Image967 Words   |  4 Pagesparts of those images we see. Media believes women should look like Victoria Secret models: tall, lean, and tanned women, but lately there has been issue from women all over the world who are tired of having to be set at impossible types of female figures. Revolving around a certain type of body figure is horrible because bodies come in different shapes and sizes. The media has influenced the female body perception by showing that women need to have a â€Å"perfect body† to pass in society. These magnificenceRead MoreBeauty: Human Physical Appearance and Women1306 Words   |  6 Pages Beauty Throughout these moments in time, the term beauty has slipped out of control and become something utterly dissimilar. The significance of beauty has developed into something so unappealing, so unpleasant, so repugnant, that even now society is coming to the apprehension that the way they are portraying the description of beauty is erroneous. Over time, ‘beauty’ has evolved to something rather peripheral. Being beautiful is turning into an undesirable act, that most girls will go intoRead MoreThe Effects of Modern Body Image1380 Words   |  6 Pagesjudgment, and shame† (Brown, n.d.). Body image, on the other hand, â€Å"is a complicated aspect of the self-concept that concerns an individual’s perceptions and feelings about their body and physical appearance† (Serdar, n.d.). According to Nordqvist, it is divided into two perceptions: positive and negative body images. He states that positive body image is â€Å"based on reality – the individu al sees himself/herself as they really are; they accept parts of their body that are not ideal, but are generallyRead MoreBeauty Is Not Pain?1704 Words   |  7 Pageswe get older we all experience changes in our body, some that we love and others that we could do without. People are born in all shapes and sizes, but why is it that some choose to change that with cosmetic and plastic surgery? What would motivate someone to go through hours of pain just for a new body? With the appearance of more â€Å"perfect† looking celebrities in the media, the self-esteem of many women spiral down, especially in Asia. Beauty standards in South Korea are now being define by many K-PopRead MoreEffects Of The White Standards Of Beauty On African American Women923 Words   |  4 Pagesher research on different ethics standpoints. Throughout this article the effect of the White standards of beauty towards African American women by questioning the societal definitions of beauty, body image, a nd hair. (Patton, 2006, p. 24) The societal stereotype is that African American women struggle to measure up to the normative standard. Two theoretical structures guide the analysis of beauty standards such as Afrocentric theory and standpoint theory. The researcher use many examples to explain

Harlequin Enterprises the Mira Decisions free essay sample

The primary issue facing Harlequin is the steady loss of share in a growing womens fiction market, due to the growing popularity of single-title novels. With the volume sales dependence that is inherent in series publishing, the unit sales stalling that occurred in the late 80’s and early 90’s acted as a warning signal to Harlequin. A change in pricing strategies enabled revenues to continue to rise, but this was a short-term solution and Mira has the potential to become a long-term solution. However, there are a number of issues surrounding the launch of Mira. As the world’s largest publisher of romance fiction, Harlequin has a strong global foothold in series publishing with a presence in more than 100 international markets and 23 languages. Indeed, Harlequin has been able to create high barriers to entry in the series market through the development of brand loyalty and excellence in product quality and supply chain management. Brand loyalty comprises a strong readership base, which has been cultivated through brand recognition, trust, and long-term relationships. This is evidenced by the direct-to-reader Book Club, which currently provides 3/8 of US Sales at significantly higher margins than indirect sales. The low-price, consistent, high-quality product is well packaged and positioned ideally to take advantage of customer expectations, supported by a large and capable author/editor base. Standardization has enabled Harlequin to take advantage of significant economies of scale in printing, distribution and advertising; and simplifies retailers’ positioning and marketing strategies. While standing order distribution enables Harlequin to more accurately predict sales and returns, and therefore benefit from predictable cost-based accounting practices to achieve better margins. However, with limited diversification, Harlequin has little expertise in the broader realm of women’s fiction outside of the romance genre, which may limit their abilities to select and develop successful authors and titles, as was the case with the 1987 Worldwide Library failure. Although, the Worldwide experience gives Harlequin a true appreciation of their strengths and provides a strong foundation from which to avoid future mistakes. Harlequin’s inferior presence in traditional retail environments for single-title novels and limited advertising portfolio centred on print media somewhat restricts their sales to their existing, or stereotypical, customer base. Existing distribution partnerships are unlikely to resolve this issue and may force Harlequin to seek out new partnerships and/or mechanisms. According to the market research, â€Å"customers were reading as many single-title romance and womens fiction books as series romances. This implies that there is significant overlap with other subject areas and market segments within Harlequin’s existing readership base and it should be possible for Harlequin to cultivate their customer loyalty and translate it to direct-to-reader sales in other genres. Mira also provides the opportunity for authors to develop beyond the series format without moving to another publisher, and still remain available to the Harlequin series genre. This promotes employee lo yalty and job satisfaction, while allowing Harlequin to invest in promoting individual authors and benefit from the cross-segment marketing. The overheads that Mira would incur, although substantial, would remain competitive with other publishers and would benefit from Harlequin’s global infrastructure. Foreign language markets, in particular, would be accessible to Mira through the use of existing translation services, distribution networks and retail relationships. Mira would also provide Harlequin the opportunity to create economies of scale through the centralization of rights acquisition activities already being undertaken in some international subsidiaries. Conversely, Mira represents an extremely high risk undertaking for Harlequin with significantly higher costs for production, distribution and marketing. A single-title novel is a unique product, which requires a publisher to generate higher per-unit sales volumes; create individual design, marketing and promotion campaigns; and provide higher returns to authors and third parties. Production changes, at least in terms of product dimensions, could have significant unforeseen impacts on the economies of scale currently enjoyed within the production and distribution supply chains. If Mira is to compete with existing single-title publishers, long-term author contracts, royalties and advances could put extreme financial pressure on Harlequin and represent a significant level of investment, which may or may not be realizable in the long-term. Therefore, the failure of a single-title novel to achieve break-even sales targets has far-reaching consequences; and can seriously damage reputations upon which future sales would depend. Nevertheless, the most significant threat to the success of Mira is its potential in the US market. The truce with Simon Schuster achieved at the end of the Romance Wars may not be sustainable, if Harlequin launches Mira in direct competition with SS in single-title publishing. This situation would be especially difficult given that Harlequin is entirely dependent on SS for distribution of its series titles within the US market, and its lack of experience with mainstream retailing avenues. By pursuing Mira, Harlequin risks losing a highly efficient and profitable relationship with SS and having to completely redevelop its distribution chain within the US. Upon consideration, Harlequin has the resources and capabilities it needs in order to succeed with Mira. Although the company currently has a different business model, it has the same basic components and critical resources necessary to create and manufacture the product. The author/editor base that Harlequin has at its disposal represents a considerable asset, and somewhat mitigates the risk of talent selection and development that can be associated with single-title novels. Historic market positioning and the reputation of Harlequin as a romance eries publisher may overshadow attempts to create the Mira brand; but Harlequin has reached the point where it must expand beyond the romance genre. The direct-to-reader sales, marketing and distribution mechanisms would require few adjustments or adaptations, and would provide Harlequin with an ideal test market from which to make the leap into the mainstream. Existing production and distribution expertise would sustain development of Mira , while Harlequin spends time putting mainstream distribution mechanisms and publicity expertise into place. It is conceivable that successful single-title authors who published their early works with Harlequin could be convinced to return to Harlequin, depending on the financial incentives; but, this is a long-term question, governed by authors’ contractual obligations and the success of Mira in the short-term. However, the back-list of novels created by successful authors who published their early works with Harlequin comprises an easily marketable, cost-effective and potentially profitable resource, that would enable Mira to capitalize on established reputations and in-direct publicity. The downside is that Mira may risk alienating or offending fans of established authors, by publishing works that did not meet reader expectations because of their quality or adherence to Harlequin conventions. Therefore, I would recommend that Harlequin perform a limited launch of Mira by re-developing titles in their back-list and generating direct-to-reader sales through the Book Club, while it explores global distribution and marketing relationships. References: Richard Ivey School of Business Case Harlequin Enterprises: The MIRA Decision #9B03M007